The doodle celebrates the the 133rd bday of renowned mathematician and physicist Emmy Noether.

From Wikipedia: Described by Pavel Alexandrov, Albert Einstein, Jean Dieudonné, Hermann Weyl, and Norbert Wiener as the most important woman in the history of mathematics,^[2][3] she revolutionized the theories of rings, fields, and algebras. In physics, Noether’s theorem explains the fundamental connection between symmetry and conservation laws.^[4]

Notably, Noether overcame immense adversity and pioneered the field in both math and physics (being a female jewish professor in early Nazi Germany was not exactly the most welcoming environment).